Using patient data for research: Challenges and policy developments

Research using large-scale patient datasets has enabled advances in healthcare. However, scientists and data controllers face challenges including fragmented systems, complex governance and data security. While members of the public are largely in favour of their information being used to improve health outcomes, concerns remain about data breaches and commercial interests. Through the creation of the Health Data Research Service, the government aims to simplify access to health data and support innovation.

Using patient data for research: Challenges and policy developments

Forced labour in UK supply chains: Joint Committee on Human Rights report

In July 2025, the Joint Committee on Human Rights published a report contending that goods which are produced or part-produced with forced labour are being sold to consumers in the UK. It also argued that the UK had fallen behind comparable countries in its approach to tackling forced labour. The committee called for new legislation to address the issue. The government responded that it was “actively exploring options to strengthen protections”.

Forced labour in UK supply chains: Joint Committee on Human Rights report

International energy markets explained

While energy demand has grown at a steady rate for most of the past decade overall, the global energy market has been affected by several shocks including the Covid-19 pandemic and conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East. This briefing looks at global energy consumption and the issues which affect energy prices around the world.

International energy markets explained

  • In Focus

    Debating public debt: Perspectives compared

    Public debt in the UK has risen since the 2008 global financial crisis, and interest payments on that debt have increased substantially. This briefing examines three broad perspectives on public debt: first, that high public debt poses a risk to economic growth; second, that deficit financing can be beneficial and the cost of public debt is lower than generally assumed; and third, that the government’s role as a currency issuer allows for a new perspective on public debt.

  • In Focus

    Jury trials: International models and reform proposals

    Whilst layperson jury trials have been a longstanding feature of the England and Wales criminal justice system, some countries have taken a different approach. If enacted, the Courts and Tribunals Bill would remove jury trials for some criminal cases in England and Wales. This briefing identifies some different approaches taken in other countries in light of the recent proposals for court reform in England and Wales.

  • In Focus

    Reforming the police: Proposed changes for professional development, accountability and representation

    In January 2026, the government set out comprehensive reforms to policing in England and Wales. These included proposals aimed at the police workforce, such as the introduction of a licence to practise, changes to the rules on vetting and dismissal and new policies aimed at improving the wellbeing of officers. This briefing examines the government’s workforce plans and the reaction of some stakeholders.

  • In Focus

    Ending ministerial by-elections: Lords debate 1926

    The recent King’s Speech confirmed plans to lower the voting age to 16. A century earlier, Parliament examined proposals for a very different constitutional change: ending ministerial by-elections. Introduced in the 18th century as a safeguard against crown influence, ministerial by-elections were later viewed by some as outdated. For others, they were an important democratic safeguard. This briefing examines the Lords second reading debate on the bill that abolished the by-elections.

  • In Focus

    Ministers in the House of Lords: Role and accountability to Parliament

    Ministers are needed in the House of Lords to take legislation through the House and answer for the government during questions and debates. Some cabinet ministers are appointed from the Lords. For example, the leader of the House of Lords is always a member of the Lords. This briefing looks at the role of ministers in the House of Lords and how they are scrutinised.

  • In Focus

    House of Lords reform: Hereditary members at the end of the 2024–26 session

    The right for hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords has come to an end. This briefing lists the last hereditary peers sitting in the House of Lords when the House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act passed into law in March 2026, together with their length of service as a hereditary member. It also notes those who have returned to the House as life peers.

  • In Focus

    Preparing for an ageing society: Lords Economic Affairs Committee report

    In December 2025, the House of Lords Economic Affairs Committee published a report on preparing for an ageing society. It urged the government to address the economic challenges this poses, arguing that the greatest impact would come from supporting those in their mid-50s to mid-60s to remain in or return to work. The government said it was responding to the pressures of an ageing society through a number of measures.

  • In Focus

    Reducing gambling harm among young people

    Concerns have been raised about the impact of gambling on children and young people, particularly in relation to online gambling and exposure to advertising. This briefing summarises current regulatory protections for children and vulnerable people in the way gambling is licensed in Great Britain, statistics on gambling participation and gambling harms among children and young adults, and proposals from campaigners, parliamentarians and the government to reduce gambling-related harm.

  • In Focus

    Digital and technology policy and national sovereignty

    Digital sovereignty has become a pressing policy issue as governments seek to balance economic opportunity, security and control over critical technologies. Particular concerns have been raised over the market dominance in several key areas by a small number of powerful companies, predominantly headquartered in the United States and China. Debate has focused on how the UK can adapt to this changing environment and to what extent it should seek to expand its own sovereign capabilities and to regulate overseas providers, whilst sustaining international collaboration.

  • In Focus

    Creative industries: Potential impact of T-levels, V-levels and post-16 qualification reforms

    The government is introducing new V-levels and expanding T-levels as part of post-16 qualification reforms. The government has said the changes will simplify routes into employment and higher education and enable vocational study to sit alongside A-levels. However, stakeholders have questioned whether the new qualifications will meet the needs of the creative sector and students looking to enter the creative industries.

  • In Focus

    Homelessness and rough sleeping among released prisoners

    In 2024/25, around 1,000 prisoners a month were released from prison homeless and went on to rough sleep in England and Wales. This briefing summarises the statistics on homelessness among those released from prison, the early prison release schemes, and the statutory duties on prisons to refer those at risk of homelessness to local authority housing services.

  • In Focus

    Education, employment and welfare: Government policy

    Since taking office, the government has announced a range of policies intended to support economic growth, increase employment, to expand the number of young people in education and training and to reform the welfare system. This briefing provides an overview of key government commitments in the areas of education, employment and welfare. It also provides key statistics.

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