Threats to UK food security

Approximate read time: 30 minutes

The House of Lords is scheduled to debate the following motion on 15 October 2026:

Baroness Teather (Liberal Democrat) to move that this House takes note of the growing threats to the UK’s food security.

1. Key points

• In 2025, the UK had a food production-to-supply ratio of approximately 60%, meaning it imported around 40% of its food needs. The UK is highly reliant on imports for some foods, such as fresh fruit and vegetables.
• Independent assessments have noted the UK has a relatively diverse and resilient food sector, but potential food security threats include climate change, geopolitical tensions, inflationary pressures from conflict in the Middle East, and broader trade uncertainty.
• A UK government national security assessment in January 2026 concluded that the impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss are a threat to the UK’s food security and its national security.
• The independent Climate Change Committee has highlighted the impacts of more extreme weather, including heatwaves, droughts and flooding, on UK food security. It has made recommendations to the government on mitigation and adaptation, including a proposal to consider the need for national stockpiles of certain foods.
• The National Audit Office has raised concerns about the resilience of the UK’s food supply chains and a lack of government preparedness for supply disruptions.
• The reports cited above have suggested that increasing the level of UK self-sufficiency in food production would not in itself mitigate the impacts of climate change on food security. Diversity and resilience of food supply chains also improve food security.

2. Trends in UK food security

Food security is one of the 13 sectors included in the UK’s list of critical national infrastructure (CNI).^[1] A government assessment of the sector has noted that while provision of food is essential, the UK food sector has no individual assets that are assessed as CNI. According to the assessment, the overall position of the UK’s food sector is broadly positive, as it has a:

[…] significant level of resilience in the event of a crisis owing to global sourcing of food, supply chain alternatives, and commercial competition providing incentives for operators throughout the sector to step in if difficulties arise.^[2]

However, other recent government reports on UK food security have highlighted a range of potential threats it faces. Sections 2.1 and 2.2 of this briefing summarise the findings of reports published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra).

2.1 UK food security report 2024

The government has a statutory duty in the Agriculture Act 2020 to present a report on food security to Parliament every three years.^[3] The latest report was published by Defra in December 2024.^[4] The report noted that in the period from 2021 to 2024, global food production and the global food trading system were relatively stable and resilient in terms of food availability. However, Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was “particularly disruptive to energy and grain supplies”. This had “significant consequences for global and UK food security, including widespread increase[s] in food prices”. In response to the recovery from the Covid pandemic and the escalating war in Ukraine, overall UK consumer price inflation peaked at 9.6% in October 2022, but food price inflation peaked at 19.2% in March 2023.^[5]

The report said UK food production was also impacted by labour shortages in the agriculture and food sectors:

Agri-food sector labour shortages continue and are compounded by significantly more restrictive access to EU labour since freedom of movement with the EU ended in 2021.^[6]

The report said labour shortages were particularly prevalent in the seafood sector and the veterinary profession.

The report stated that the UK’s food production-to-supply ratio was 60:40, meaning 60% of total consumption was produced in the UK and 40% of food was imported. This ratio increased to 75% if only indigenous foods were included (those that can be grown in the UK). However, the UK continued to be “highly dependent on imports to meet consumer demand for fruit, vegetables and seafood”. The report said “many of the countries the UK imports these foods from are subject to their own climate-related challenges and sustainability risks”.^[7]

The report identified climate change and biodiversity loss as significant threats to UK and global food security. The report stated:

Climate change, nature loss and water insecurity pose significant risks to the ability of global food production to meet demand over the longer term […] Extreme weather events continue to have a significant effect on domestic production, particularly arable crops, fruit and vegetables.^[8]

2.2 Food security digest 2025

In December 2025, the government published a ‘UK food security digest’ as a new annual publication in between the triennial publication of the statutory report. The digest noted that in 2025 UK food price inflation had continued to be higher than overall inflation for most of the year, putting pressure on household food budgets.^[9] There had also been significant spikes in the prices of commodities such as coffee and cocoa, in part due to the impacts of more extreme weather in the areas of the world in which they are grown.

In terms of international trade, the digest stated that “geopolitical tensions and conflict continue to affect shipping routes, and trade policy uncertainty in the last year has the potential to impact on food”.^[10] It said the tariff policies of US President Donald Trump in 2025 had contributed to trade uncertainty. In April 2025, President Trump announced a range of tariffs on imports of goods into the US. He applied a 10% blanket tariff on all UK goods, in addition to previously announced tariffs on goods such as steel and cars.

The UK government subsequently negotiated a bilateral trade deal with the US which alleviated some tariff rates and quotas on products such as beef, but the blanket 10% tariff remained on all other goods.^[11] The digest described how trade uncertainty can increase costs within the food system:

The United States changes to trade policy in 2025 illustrate how uncertainty in trade policy can have repercussions worldwide and affect producers and consumers. Trade policy uncertainty can increase costs to manufacturers who must adjust their supply chains: at a national scale, unpredictable policy shifts can reduce trust, whilst markets can see reduced investment due to uncertain conditions.^[12]

Despite the trade uncertainty, the digest also claimed that a response that sought to increase domestic food production would not necessarily improve food security:

Domestic production is a fundamental aspect of national food security […] However, a high level of self-sufficiency does not protect a country against shocks to domestic production, and diversity of supply from overseas trade also helps strengthen food security.^[13]

The digest also stated that in 2025 there were a series of cyber-attacks on UK food retailers, including Marks and Spencer and the Co-operative Group, that “highlighted the importance of food as part of the UK critical national infrastructure”.

2.3 Recent developments

The outbreak of the US-Israel conflict with Iran in February 2026 and the ongoing restriction on the movement of goods through the Strait of Hormuz has caused supply shortages and further price inflation on inputs into the UK food system, such as fuel and fertiliser.^[14] In addition, a prolonged period of hot and dry weather in the spring and summer of 2026 caused drought conditions in most of England, which put further pressure on farming and food production.^[15] Forecasts of a potential “super El Niño” in 2027 could cause further extreme weather events and supply chain disruption.^[16]

3. Reports on food security threats

This section summarises the findings of recent reports that have raised concerns about the impact of climate change and supply chain disruptions on the UK’s food security.

3.1 National security assessment, January 2026

In January 2026, the UK government published an assessment of ‘Global biodiversity loss, ecosystem collapse and national security’. The assessment concluded that “global ecosystem degradation and collapse threaten UK national security and prosperity”.^[17] It said “critical ecosystems that support major global food production and impact global climate change” were the most important for UK national security. It also said ecosystem degradation was occurring across all regions, and on current projections “every critical ecosystem is on a pathway to collapse”. It concluded:

Without significant increases in UK food system and supply chain resilience, it is unlikely the UK would be able to maintain food security if ecosystem collapse drives geopolitical competition for food. The UK relies on imports for a proportion of both food and fertiliser and cannot currently produce enough food to feed its population based on current diets. Countries best placed to adapt are those that invest in ecosystem protection and restoration, and resilient and efficient food systems.^[18]

The report highlighted the risks of “cascading” effects, whereby biodiversity loss leads to decreased food production and higher food prices, which in turn could impact national security through increased migration, extremism, civil unrest and “political polarisation and instability”.^[19].

Specifically on food security, the report noted the UK was “heavily reliant” on global markets for fresh fruit, vegetables, and fertiliser.^[20] It warned that:

UK food production is vulnerable to ecosystem degradation and collapse. Biodiversity loss, alongside climate change, is amongst the biggest medium to long term threat to domestic food production—through depleted soils, loss of pollinators, drought and flood conditions.^[21]

The report said that although climate change was a threat to the UK’s domestic food production, globally food production was the “most significant cause of terrestrial biodiversity loss”.^[22] It added that feeding a global population estimated to reach nearly 10 billion by 2050 would put increasing strain on natural systems and it would become “challenging to produce sufficient food sustainably”.

In terms of mitigations, the report noted the UK is a signatory to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, which has agreed to protect 30% of land and ocean by 2030 (sometimes referred to as the 30by30 commitment).^[23] The assessment also said a necessary condition of reducing global biodiversity loss would be meeting the United Nations agreement to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees celsius.

In response to a question about the assessment in the House of Commons in June 2026, Mary Creagh, then a Defra minister, stated:

The 2025 environmental improvement plan […] sets out our ambition over the next five years to accelerate progress towards our targets under the Environment Act 2021. Those include ecosystem protection, wildlife reintroductions, species abundance, reducing species extinction risk, and creating more than half a million hectares of wildlife-rich habitat, which will provide critical ecosystem services. We are also delivering our international commitment to protect 30% of the UK’s land and sea by 2030, and we will make more announcements this summer about that.^[24]

In September 2026, Defra minister Jenny Riddell-Carpenter set out the government’s response to the national security assessment in a House of Commons Westminster Hall debate:

We have launched the first ever taskforce on the national security and resilience risks of a changing climate and nature loss, bringing together leading security, military and academic experts to help us to identify and prioritise risks, strengthen cross-government coordination and turn evidence into practical action. […] Separately, we have commissioned a three-year nature security research and development programme to improve indicators, early warning capability and analytical tools. That will help the government to identify emerging risks earlier, stress-test resilience and take preventive action before disruption escalates. […] We are also investing more than £2.7bn a year in farming and nature recovery, supporting resilient domestic food production, healthier soils, pollinators and nature-friendly farming.^[25]

Separately, the government is undertaking a post-implementation review of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004. The act provides powers to deal with national emergencies, which includes preparedness for food shortages. The government has said the review would consider what changes to the act may be required to support increased preparedness for disruption to food supplies.^[26]

For further information on the national security assessment and responses to it, see the House of Commons Library briefing ‘Global biodiversity loss, ecosystem collapse and UK national security’ (2 September 2026).

3.2 Climate Change Committee report, May 2026

The independent Climate Change Committee (CCC) was established under the Climate Change Act 2008, with a remit to advise the government and report to Parliament on the UK’s progress in reducing emissions and adapting to the impacts of climate change.^[27]

In May 2026, the CCC published the report ‘A well-adapted UK: The fourth independent assessment of UK climate risk’. Its overall conclusion was that climate change was “undermining the UK’s security and prosperity”.^[28] The report argued the UK was already experiencing “serious impacts now, and further impacts are inevitable”. It said the UK was “built for a climate that no longer exists today and will be increasingly distant in years to come”. The committee claimed the world was not on track to keep global warming below 2 degrees celsius, and therefore the UK should prepare for more extreme weather:

Land, crops, and habitats must be able to withstand the rising number of droughts. Supply chains, especially those for our food, must be resilient to climate shocks around the world.^[29]

The committee estimated that to mitigate against the climate risks, investment of approximately £11bn per year would be required from the public and private sectors.^[30] However, it claimed not every adaptation would be affordable and the government “needs to lead a public dialogue about the level of resilience people expect and their willingness to pay for it”.

The CCC set targets in eight climate risk areas with the “highest priorities for action now”. These included two that related to farming and food production:

• Risks to the viability of farming: From now through to 2050, domestic food production as a share of food consumed should be sustainably maintained at 60% at least.
• Risks to food insecurity and inflation: From now through to 2050, the impact of climate-related food price inflation on household budgets should be minimised.^[31]

Chapter 15 of the report focused specifically on climate change threats to food security. The CCC concluded that “flooding, drought, heatwaves, and increased average temperatures are hazards to food production, processing, and transport for UK food supply chains, domestically and internationally”.^[32] Its key messages for government and food businesses were:

• Climate change is disrupting the global food system with growing impacts to food production and supply chains. This is expected to impact UK food security through higher and more volatile prices, and increased risk of supply variability or temporary shortages.
• Government needs to understand what could go catastrophically wrong in the food system. This requires systemic stress-testing in the medium to long term. Actions for government include providing information to the market and use of policies to alleviate the impacts of food price inflation.
• Food businesses across the entire value chain need to understand the impacts of climate change and how they can adapt. They have a role in developing measures to manage their risks. Some actions that could be taken to adapt include diversification and investment in resilience across supply chains, enabled by enhanced disclosures.^[33]

The CCC also noted that increased UK self-sufficiency in food production would not fully mitigate against food insecurity. It said “climate change will impact domestic harvests, so increased domestic production does not avoid climate shocks”.^[34]

To meet the targets for farming viability and food security (see above), the CCC proposed a series of actions and recommendations for government, including:

Farming viability

• Support the viability of farming under climate change. Farmers must be enabled and encouraged to take adaptation actions (such as storing water on farms, changing farming practices, and varying what is produced) to keep farming viable. Government can enable farmers by providing access to the right skills, information, and training to empower farmers to make the appropriate decisions for their farms. Removing regulatory barriers to farmers adapting their business models, such as making it easier to store water on farms, can help facilitate action in the sector. Subsidies that continue to support agricultural production should be used to provide incentives to adjust farming models as needed to adapt.^[35]

Food security

• Improve information on climate risk in the food system. The adaptation reporting power (ARP) is a key lever to gather information on climate risks and force key organisations to plan for climate change. Large food companies (including supermarkets) should be included in the scope of the next set of ARPs, and reporting under the power should be made mandatory, to provide critical information on risk management in the food system.
• Explore government-led adaptation. Government should also explore the viability of government-led adaptation in the food system. This should include systemic stress-testing in the medium to long term to work out what could go catastrophically wrong in the food system. It should also consider the potential for large-scale national food stockpiling to avoid risks of shortages across whole nutritionally important groups. It should also explore the use of policies to alleviate the impacts of food price inflation.^[36]

The reference to the adaptation reporting power (ARP) in the above recommendation refers to powers in section 62 of the Climate Change Act 2008, which gives the government powers to direct organisations with important public functions outside central government to produce reports on their actions to adapt to the impacts of climate change.^[37]

The CCC produced the following table summarising the actions to be undertaken by the public and private sectors to deliver adaptations across the food system.

Table 1. Climate Change Committee recommended responsibilities for delivering food security adaptations

(Climate Change Committee, ‘A well-adapted UK: The fourth independent assessment of UK climate risk’, May 2026, p 439)

The UK government has not formally responded to the CCC’s report. In a House of Commons debate on climate change in July 2026, Adrian Ramsay (Green Party MP for Waveney Valley) asked Ed Miliband, then secretary of state for energy security and net zero and now foreign secretary, whether the government would commit to implementing the recommendations. Mr Ramsay said:

The Climate Change Committee has been clear that the costs of putting in place the adaptations that are needed are less than the costs of not putting those adaptations in place. Will he [Mr Miliband] be adopting the Climate Change Committee’s “A well-adapted UK” recommendations and investment plans in full?^[38]

In response, Mr Miliband did not give a full commitment, but said:

Well, that is obviously a matter for discussion across government, but the hon. Gentleman makes a really important point, and I do agree with it. The May 2026 report of the Climate Change Committee is an incredibly important, landmark report. We know that adaptation has essentially been in the past a poor cousin when it comes to government, and it needs more priority; I absolutely agree with him about that.^[39]

3.3 National Audit Office report on food supply chain resilience

The National Audit Office (NAO) published the report ‘Resilience of the food supply chain to disruptions’ in September 2026. The report said the UK’s food supply chain had “maintained overall food availability” during recent crises, such as the Covid pandemic, the war in Ukraine and cyber-attacks on food retailers.^[40] It said private sector businesses in the food supply chain had largely responded to these disruptions without the need for government intervention.

However, the NAO highlighted the impact of significant food price inflation in recent years in response to supply disruptions. The NAO concluded that the UK food sector faced a range of “acute risks (such as extreme weather, cyber-attacks and energy disruptions)” and longer-term “chronic risks (including climate change), which are complex, becoming more likely and with potentially more severe impacts”.^[41] The NAO said:

Defra is less confident about the ability of businesses to withstand shocks without government intervention in the next five to 10 years because of increasing risks and the potential for more severe disruptions.^[42]

The NAO was critical of the lack of specific actions in the government’s 2025 food strategy relating to supply chain resilience (see section 4.1 of this briefing for further information on the food strategy). Although the strategy identified supply chain resilience as one of the 10 priority areas for improvement, the NAO said the government had “not yet set out how it will achieve this or measure improvements”.^[43]

The NAO said Defra had plans in place to respond to food supply disruption scenarios, but the “last time a severe disruption to food supply was tested through a national exercise was in 2023, which found limitations in its preparedness”.

The NAO also concluded:

The government’s approach in recent years has shown limitations in engagement on household and community resilience; legal powers for Defra during emergencies; and capacity and clarity of expectations in local resilience forums to respond to food supply disruptions.^[44]

At the time of writing, the government had not formally responded to the NAO report. However, in answer to a written parliamentary question on 11 September 2026 the government stated:

The NAO’s report shows risks to food supplies are becoming more complex, which is exactly why we are working with farmers and the food and drink industry to strengthen the UK’s food security and resilience. The government will carefully consider the report’s findings and recommendations as part of our ongoing work to build a more resilient, productive and sustainable food system.^[45]

4. Government policy

This section summarises food and farming policy announcements from the Labour government since the 2024 general election.

4.1 Food strategy for England, July 2025

In July 2025, Sir Keir Starmer’s government published a ‘UK government food strategy for England’. The government said it was “determined to drive a generational change in our relationship” with food and its impact on the “environment, economy and society”. The government added it intended to “create a healthier, more affordable, sustainable, resilient food system”.^[46]

The strategy said the current food system was “driving negative impacts on our health, environment, and resilience that undermine our food security”. It noted that the 2021 independent ‘National food strategy’ authored by Henry Dimbleby had identified a “junk food cycle” which contributed to poor diets, obesity and ill health, which in turn put strain on the NHS.^[47] The government said it wanted to create a “good food cycle” in which:

[…] businesses have the confidence to invest in healthier, more sustainable and more resilient production and supply that makes good British food more affordable and accessible to everyone in society. That investment will deliver improved health, environment and resilience outcomes, [and] strengthen food security.^[48]

The strategy acknowledged climate change as a “chronic risk” to the UK’s food security:

Climate change, biodiversity loss and environmental degradation are systemic and chronic risks to our food security. Climate change is increasingly having an impact on the ability to grow certain types of food and on fish stocks, potentially weakening the resilience of supply chains in the UK and overseas.^[49]

The government set the following goals related to food security and resilience:

• food supply is environmentally sustainable with high animal welfare standards, and waste is reduced
• trade supports environmentally sustainable growth, upholds British standards and expands export opportunities
• resilient domestic production for a secure supply of healthier food
• greater preparedness for supply chain shocks, disruption, and impacts of chronic risks^[50]

However, the strategy did not contain details on when or how the above goals would be achieved. The strategy stated that further details would be included in policy plans that at that time were forthcoming, including a ‘Land use framework’ (see section 4.2 of this briefing) and a ‘Farming roadmap’ (see section 4.3 of this briefing).

4.2 Land use framework, March 2026

The Starmer government published the ‘Land use framework for England’ in March 2026.^[51] The government said the framework would enable planning decisions to be made in a way which balanced competing demands such as for new homes, nature restoration, clean energy and food security. The framework included analysis of how land use might need to change by 2050 to meet these competing targets. The framework said “a thriving natural environment and resilience to a changing climate are the foundations of our economy and essential for food security and profitable farm businesses”.^[52]

Regarding food security, the government committed to:

[…] maintain overall food production in England, by increasing farm productivity and profitability, and [develop] sector plans to underpin our future food security and drive economic growth.^[53]

The framework set out various actions to achieve this commitment. The actions referred to the 2025 independent review of farming profitability carried out by Baroness Batters (Crossbench), former president of the National Farmers’ Union. The framework said the government would:

• Develop a portfolio of sector growth plans, beginning with horticulture and poultry, to provide a formal framework to strengthen domestic production and maintain food security. These plans will look at opportunities to improve productivity, profitability and resilience across farming sectors.
• Use the new Farming and Food Partnership Board, established following Baroness Batters’ independent farming profitability review, to bring together senior leaders from farming, food production, retail, finance and government and drive growth, productivity, [and] long-term profitability across the farming sector.
• Safeguard our best and most versatile farmland from permanent land use change (such as woodland creation and urban expansion) by publishing updated agricultural land classification data and mapping as it becomes available.
• Include any permanent changes in agricultural land use in future food security reports, and share this data with plan-makers so that the implications of strategic development decisions on food security can be better understood, and inform application of planning policy. This will enable us to monitor changes in land use and safeguard food production.
• Assess dependence on food imports in the ‘UK food security report’ in 2027, helping to ensure that land use changes here do not disproportionately increase our need for ‘imported hectares’ from abroad. Monitoring this change will enable government to respond to the risk that we increasingly displace the nature and climate impacts of food production abroad.^[54]

4.3 Farming roadmap 2050, June 2026

The Starmer government published the ‘Farming roadmap 2050: Growing England’s future’ in June 2026. The government described this as bringing together:

[…] our commitments on food security, environmental recovery, land use, climate resilience, and animal health and welfare into a single, coherent direction of travel.^[55]

The roadmap stated:

While the UK is food secure, the conditions under which food security is maintained are changing. Geopolitical instability, climate impacts, environmental degradation and supply chain disruptions are increasing exposure to price, input and output volatility. Over time, this could increase the risk of severe food price shocks and, in some extreme situations, lead to reduced availability of certain foods.^[56]

It argued that tackling climate change and shifting to more sustainable methods of food production were “not at odds with food security, but are increasingly central to it”.^[57]

In terms of implementing climate change mitigations in the farming sector, the government said it would do this by:

[…] supporting the upcoming ‘Carbon budget 7 delivery plan’, publishing a ‘Food and farming decarbonisation plan for England’, setting out a clear framework to support farmers to reduce emissions, protect the environment and strengthen long-term food security.^[58]

Carbon budgets set legally binding limits on UK greenhouse gas emissions as part of the UK’s statutory pathway to net zero by 2050. The seventh carbon budget is for the period 2038–2042 and was set in June 2026.^[59] At the time of writing, the government has not published a delivery plan on implementing the seventh carbon budget. To date, the government has also not yet published the ‘Food and farming decarbonisation plan for England’.

5. Opposition party views

The Conservative Party has said it would support British farmers by abolishing the reforms to inheritance tax on farms that the Labour government introduced at the 2024 budget.^[60] For more information on the government’s inheritance tax policy, see section 2.6 of the House of Lords Library briefing ‘Rural economy: UK government policy’ (4 June 2026). At the Conservative party conference in October 2026, the shadow environment secretary, Victoria Atkins, announced that a Conservative government would also restructure Defra and it would abolish the non-departmental public bodies Natural England and the Environment Agency “and return the powers that work back to direct ministerial control”.^[61] As part of the Defra reorganisation, Ms Atkins said a “new Environmental Crime and Enforcement Authority” would be created that would target “organised crime gangs and others who pollute our countryside, dump waste and kill wildlife”.

Separately, the Conservative Party has said achieving the 2050 net zero target “is impossible”, and it has pledged to repeal the Climate Change Act 2008.^[62] The party would also end the ban on new North Sea oil and gas licenses, and “scrap the mandate forcing manufacturers to produce electric vehicles”.

The Liberal Democrats have said that in an “increasingly volatile world, Britain must become far more self-sufficient” in food production.^[63] The Liberal Democrat party conference in September 2026 passed a motion calling on the government to:

• introduce a Good Food Bill setting food security targets, a £1bn increase in the farming budget, and a target to produce at least 75% of our food by 2035
• back British farming and food development by introducing a new seasonal agricultural workers scheme with guaranteed minimum standards, public procurement rules requiring UK-sourced food in schools, hospitals and government canteens, and local food plans requiring councils to assess food accessibility in their area
• protect consumers and nature alongside production with a ban on unlabelled shrinkflation, enhanced environmental land management payments, a permanently reopened sustainable farming incentive, and a statutory annual food security audit to Parliament^[64]

The Green Party of England and Wales passed a motion on food security at its party conference in October 2026 that called for the development of:

[…] a UK fair food prices framework, alongside fair minimum farmgate prices, stronger powers for the Groceries Code Adjudicator and the option of temporary price caps on essential goods during periods of acute cost-of-living pressure. It also calls for the UK to prioritise the development of a strategic food reserve, helping to secure essential supplies and moderate prices during future shocks.^[65]

Reform UK’s policy document on agriculture and fishing stated the following on food security:

[The UK] must not become further reliant on imported food. Food security will be explicitly recognised as a UK wide strategic priority. Agricultural policy must maintain self-sufficiency in key sectors, and protect productive agricultural land.^[66]

6. Read more

• Oral question on ‘Climate change: Food supply resilience’, HL Hansard, 17 September 2026, cols 1271–4
• Debate on ‘Global biodiversity and ecosystems: National security’, HC Hansard, 3 September 2026, cols 188–212WH
• Oral question on ‘Food security’, HL Hansard, 29 June 2026, cols 851–4
• House of Lords Library, ‘Rural economy: UK government policy’, 4 June 2026; and Debate on ‘Rural economy’, HL Hansard, 11 June 2026, cols 1498–1526
• House of Commons Library, ‘Debate on the future of farming’, 12 March 2025; and Debate on ‘Farming’, HC Hansard, 13 March 2025, cols 1318–52
• House of Commons Science, Innovation and Technology Committee, ‘Insect decline and UK food security’, 7 March 2024, HC 326 of session 2023–24; and ‘Insect decline and UK food security: Government response’, 7 February 2025, HC 717 of session 2024–25
• House of Commons Environmental Audit Committee, ‘Environmental change and food security’, 8 December 2023, HC 312 of session 2023–24; and ‘Environmental change and food security: Government response to the committee’s second report’, 21 March 2024, HC 646 of session 2023–24
• House of Commons Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee, ‘Food security’, 28 July 2023, HC 622 of session 2022–23; and ‘Food security: Government response to the committee’s seventh report of 2022–23’, 17 November 2023, HC 37 of session 2023–24

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