• In Focus

    Improving schools’ performance: Are multi-academy trusts the answer?

    Academy schools have grown significantly in number since the beginning of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government in 2010. In 2023, the government reiterated its support for academies, stating that it wants to “ensure all pupils and schools benefit from being in a high-quality multi-academy trust”. This article explores the development of government policy on academies and the extent to which multi-academy trusts help under-performing schools.

  • In Focus

    Teaching citizenship and life skills in schools

    Citizenship education is included in the national curriculum for secondary schools in England (and therefore compulsory in maintained schools) and forms part of a non-statutory framework in primary schools. Skills such as financial capability are also delivered through non-statutory personal, social, health and economic education. However, there have been several calls to strengthen citizenship and life skills education in schools, including from two recent parliamentary inquiries. This article examines those issues ahead of a forthcoming debate in the House of Lords.

  • In Focus

    Osteoporosis and fracture liaison services: Reducing future fracture risk

    Fracture liaison services are designed to proactively identify people who have had a fracture which may have been caused by osteoporosis. Patients can then be assessed and given appropriate treatment or signposting, with the aim of treating the underlying condition and preventing future fractures. The provision of fracture liaison services in England has been referred to as a ‘postcode lottery’ by the Royal Osteoporosis Society, and evidence shows variation in quality and provision.

  • In Focus

    Expanding the use of controlled drugs in healthcare

    In 2019 the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs recommended that paramedics be able to independently prescribe and administer a small number of controlled drugs, including morphine sulphate, diazepam and codeine phosphate. This followed an NHS England recommendation and would be subject to paramedics completing appropriate training. The government responded in 2022 to say it accepted this recommendation and would table regulations to effect this and associated changes when time allowed.

  • In Focus

    Housing in rural and coastal communities

    Issues such as the growth in short-term lettings and second homes disproportionately impact housing issues in rural and coastal areas. This exacerbates an already complex housing situation nationally. Charities and campaign groups have called for government intervention, arguing that the negative impacts, such as a shortage of affordable housing, are hollowing out rural and coastal areas.

  • In Focus

    Preparing for climate change

    Climate change is expected to have significant impacts across a range of domestic policy areas. Both the government and the independent Climate Change Committee, a statutory advisory body, agree on the need for significant adaption efforts to mitigate related risks. This summer the government is due to publish the latest edition of its five-yearly national adaption programme. This will detail how it plans to go about addressing climate risks and comes 15 years after the Climate Change Act 2008 became law.

  • In Focus

    Children and Families Act 2014: Lords committee report

    In December 2022, a House of Lords select committee published a report on the Children and Families Act 2014. It concluded the act was an example of “inadequate implementation” and had “largely missed” the opportunity to improve the lives of children and young people. In response, the government said the committee’s recommendations were at the heart of its plans to reform children’s social care. This article summarises the committee’s findings, as well as the government’s response.

  • Research Briefing

    Pensions (Extension of Automatic Enrolment) (No. 2) Bill: HL Bill 128 of 2022–23

    The Pensions (Extension of Automatic Enrolment) (No. 2) Bill is a private member’s bill that would allow ministers to lower to 18 the age threshold at which qualifying workers are automatically enrolled into workplace pensions. It would also allow ministers to amend qualifying earnings limits so that pension contributions are calculated from the first pound earned. Ministers would have to obtain Parliament’s approval for any changes after first consulting on any proposals and reporting to Parliament on the consultations held.

  • In Focus

    Emergency healthcare in crisis: Public Services Committee report

    In September 2022, the House of Lords Public Services Committee found that “emergency access to healthcare is in crisis”. The committee outlined an action plan which it said set out how the government could address some immediate challenges in the short term and begin developing a new model for emergency health services which are fit for purpose in the long term.

  • In Focus

    Trade unions: Members and relations with the government

    Ahead of a House of Lords debate on government support to skilled professional graduate workers who belong to a trade union, this briefing looks at the demographics of trade union membership. It also covers recent relations between the government and trade unions, especially over strikes, pay and the government’s Strikes (Minimum Service Levels) Bill.

  • In Focus

    NHS eating disorder services

    In 2017, the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) published a report following the death of Averil Hart, a 19-year-old with anorexia. It concluded that Averil’s death had been avoidable, linking it to failings in NHS eating disorder services. During the coronavirus pandemic there was an increase in demand for eating disorder services, particularly among young people. The House of Lords is due to debate the progress made in implementing the PHSO report’s recommendations.

  • In Focus

    Tackling violence against women and girls in the UK

    The UK government has labelled violence against women and girls as a national threat. It has committed to a range of actions to protect women and girls against harm in strategies focused on tackling violence against women and girls and domestic abuse. The government has also introduced measures through legislation such as the Domestic Abuse Act 2021. The House of Lords is scheduled to debate this issue on 29 June 2023.

  • In Focus

    NHS in England: Current performance and innovation

    The NHS in England has not been able to meet many of its pledges on maximum waiting times for patients in recent years. Challenges facing the health service include increasing demand, funding constraints, additional pressures arising from the Covid-19 pandemic, workforce shortages and industrial action among other issues. This article surveys recent summaries of NHS performance in England and selected commentary on innovation in the health service ahead of a debate on the subject in the House of Lords.

  • In Focus

    Assistive technology in education and employment

    Assistive technology can support individuals with special educational needs and/or disabilities (SEND) to improve or maintain their daily quality of life. This includes in the areas of education and employment. This article looks at the challenges those with SEND face in these areas as well as the potential solutions assistive technology can offer. It also considers the government’s policy in these areas.

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