The Ministerial Code sets out the standards of conduct expected of ministers. It has garnered renewed media interest with recent allegations of potential breaches, with particular reference to alleged bullying of civil servants.
Ministerial Code (138 KB , PDF)
The Ministerial Code is a set of rules and principles issued by the prime minister which outlines the standards of conduct for government ministers. The code applies to all government ministers. In addition, sections apply to parliamentary private secretaries and special advisers. An unofficial form of guidance for ministers has been in existence since at least the second world war. In May 1992, an official guidance note for ministers, Questions of Procedure for Ministers, was published for the first time.
The code covers a range of issues, including: the principle of collective responsibility; proper and transparent engagement with Parliament; avoiding potential conflicts of interest; propriety and ethics; and how ministers work with the civil service. The code is regularly updated, with the most recent update being in August 2019. The Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, stated in the foreword of the August 2019 code that:
There must be no bullying and no harassment; no leaking; no breach of collective responsibility. No misuse of taxpayer money and no actual or perceived conflicts of interest. The precious principles of public life enshrined in this document—integrity, objectivity, accountability, transparency, honesty and leadership in the public interest—must be honoured at all times; as must the political impartiality of our much admired civil service.
Section 1.4 of the code outlines the process where a breach of code is alleged. In this circumstance the prime minister, having consulted the cabinet secretary, decides whether an investigation should be called. If an investigation is called “he may ask the Cabinet Office to investigate the facts of the case and/or refer the matter to the independent adviser on ministers’ interests”. Following any investigation, the prime minister will decide whether a breach of the code has occurred.
In a recent urgent question on specific allegations of “apparent breaches of the ministerial code” the Leader of the Opposition, Jeremy Corbyn, stated “it is not enough to just refer this to the Cabinet Office”. Instead he called for an independent investigation led by an external lawyer, as requested by the FDA civil service union. The Minister for the Cabinet Office, Michael Gove, argued that the Cabinet Office investigation would be “thorough, rapid, independent and authoritative”.
This House of Lords Library Briefing contains a selection of material relevant to the forthcoming question for short debate on 12 March 2020 to “ask Her Majesty’s Government what steps they are taking (1) to review, and (2) to strengthen, the Ministerial Code”.
Ministerial Code (138 KB , PDF)
The government has said it wants to reform the civil service by reducing its size and improving its performance. This briefing considers the measures the government has announced, and the reaction to them from unions and commentators.
UK prime ministers may draw up a resignation honours list on their departure from office, in which they may request that the reigning monarch grant honours to any number of people. Such honours may include peerages, knighthoods and damehoods, or other awards. However, not all have chosen to draw up such a list. This briefing lists those prime ministers who have requested that peerages be conferred on their departure from office.
The House of Lords Constitution Committee has re-examined relations between the UK government and devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland following the introduction of new intergovernmental relations structures in January 2022 and its own earlier inquiry on the subject. In a report published in September 2024, the committee urged the government to add a new principle of positive engagement to the principles underpinning the new structures.
