Second chambers around the world: Size and membership
In light of the UK government’s recent proposals to reform the House of Lords, this briefing presents facts and figures comparing the House of Lords with other second chambers around the world.
This House of Lords Library briefing provides information in support of the House of Lords consideration of the House of Lords Reform Bill [HL].
House of Lords Reform Bill [HL]: Briefing for Lords Stages (189 KB , PDF)
The House of Lords Reform Bill [HL] is a private member’s bill introduced by Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb (Green Party). The Bill received its first reading on 26 May 2016 and is scheduled to receive its second reading on 3 February 2017. The Bill seeks to exclude excepted hereditary peers from the House of Lords, and would introduce regional elections to select 292 Members to sit and vote in the House. These elected Members would serve eight-year terms, with half being elected every four years. The Bill would not change the right of life peers and Lords Spiritual to sit and be appointed to the House, but would remove their right to vote. Setting out the purpose of the Bill, Baroness Jones stated:
Democratic reform of the House of Lords is leftover business from the 1999 House of Lords Act and has been attempted in each of the last three parliaments. In addition, it is promised by all the main political parties and will be inevitable within the next 5 to 15 years. My Bill gives the present House of Lords the chance to design its own reform, rather than having something imposed upon it by a future House of Commons. It would introduce elected members and remove the remaining hereditary peers, but would allow all life peers and bishops to remain as non-voting members of the reformed House with all their other rights and privileges intact.
House of Lords Reform Bill [HL]: Briefing for Lords Stages (189 KB , PDF)
In light of the UK government’s recent proposals to reform the House of Lords, this briefing presents facts and figures comparing the House of Lords with other second chambers around the world.
Former prime minister Theresa May joined the House of Lords in August 2024 after standing down as an MP ahead of the 2024 general election. This followed David Cameron being appointed in November 2023 to serve as foreign secretary. This page lists former UK prime ministers who have held office since 1902, together with information on whether the individuals later received a peerage entitling them to sit in the House of Lords.
The Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015 (Extension) Bill [HL] is a government bill comprising a single substantive clause. It would extend the period in which vacancies among the lords spiritual are filled by bishops who are women by five years. The lords spiritual are the maximum of 26 Church of England archbishops and bishops in the House of Lords. The Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015 is currently due to expire in May 2025. The bill has been introduced at the request of the Church of England. This briefing provides a summary of the background to the bill, including the appointments procedure for the lords spiritual. It summarises the bill’s provisions and provides statistics on women bishops in the House of Lords.